Securing your Windows Server is crucial for protecting your IT infrastructure. This blog focuses on two essential security practices: implementing strong password policies and configuring Windows Firewall. By following these detailed steps, you can enhance the security of your Windows Server significantly.

Implement Strong Password Policies

Why It’s Important: Weak passwords are a significant vulnerability, making it easier for attackers to gain unauthorized access. Strong password policies enforce the use of complex passwords and regular changes, significantly improving security.

Action Steps:

a. Enforce Password Complexity:

  • Open Group Policy Management:
    • Press Windows + R, type gpmc.msc, and press Enter.
  • Navigate to the Password Policy:
    • Go to Computer Configuration > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Account Policies > Password Policy.
  • Configure the Following Settings:
    • Minimum password length: Set a minimum length of at least 12 characters.
    • Password must meet complexity requirements: Enable this setting to require a mix of uppercase letters, lowercase letters, numbers, and special characters.
    • Minimum password age: Set this to at least 1 day to prevent users from changing passwords too quickly.
    • Maximum password age: Set this to a maximum of 90 days to ensure regular password changes.
    • Enforce password history: Set this to remember the last 24 passwords to prevent reuse.

b. Implement Account Lockout Policies:

  • Navigate to Account Lockout Policy:
    • Go to Computer Configuration > Windows Settings > Security Settings > Account Policies > Account Lockout Policy.
  • Configure the Following Settings:
    • Account lockout duration: Set this to 15 minutes.
    • Account lockout threshold: Set this to lock an account after 5 failed login attempts.
    • Reset account lockout counter after: Set this to 15 minutes.

c. Enable Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA):

  • Set Up MFA for Remote Access:
    • Use Azure MFA or a third-party solution to add an extra layer of security for remote logins.
  • Configure MFA for Local Accounts:
    • Use tools like Duo Security or RSA SecurID for local account MFA implementation.

Configure Windows Firewall

Why It’s Important: A properly configured firewall helps block unauthorized access and protects your server from various types of network attacks.

Action Steps:

a. Enable Windows Firewall:

  • Open Windows Defender Firewall:
    • Press Windows + R, type firewall.cpl, and press Enter.
  • Turn On Firewall:
    • Ensure that the firewall is enabled for all network profiles (Domain, Private, and Public).

b. Configure Inbound and Outbound Rules:

  • Open Advanced Security:
    • In the Windows Defender Firewall window, click on Advanced settings.
  • Create Inbound Rules:
  • Allow Specific Ports and Programs:
    • Click on Inbound Rules, then New Rule.
    • Select Port and specify the ports you need to allow (e.g., 3389 for RDP, 80 for HTTP, 443 for HTTPS).
    • Select Allow the connection and apply the rule to the appropriate profiles (Domain, Private, Public).
  • Block Unnecessary Ports:
    • Identify and block ports that are not required for your operations.

c. Configure Outbound Rules:

  • Restrict Outbound Traffic:
    • Click on Outbound Rules, then New Rule.
    • Select Program or Port based on your needs and specify the program or ports to restrict.
    • Select Block the connection and apply the rule to the appropriate profiles.

d. Regularly Review Firewall Rules:

  • Conduct Periodic Reviews:
    • Regularly review and update firewall rules to ensure they align with your current security policies and operational requirements.

Conclusion

Implementing strong password policies and configuring Windows Firewall are essential steps to enhance the security of your Windows Server. By following these detailed guidelines, you can protect your server from unauthorized access and potential threats. Stay proactive in managing your server’s security settings and regularly update your policies to adapt to new challenges.